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- * 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases acyltransferase component lipoyl binding site *
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-
- The 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes [1,2] from bacterial and
- eukaryotic sources catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxo acids to
- the corresponding acyl-CoA. The three members of this family of multienzyme
- complexes are:
-
- - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC).
- - 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC).
- - Branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex (BCOADC).
-
- These three complexes share a common architecture: they are composed of
- multiple copies of three component enzymes - E1, E2 and E3. E1 is a thiamine
- pyrophosphate-dependent 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase, E2 a dihydrolipamide
- acyltransferase, and E3 an FAD-containing dihydrolipamide dehydrogenase.
-
- E2 acyltransferases have an essential cofactor, lipoic acid, which is
- covalently bound via a thioester linkage to a lysine group. The E2 components
- of OGCD and BCOACD bind a single lipoyl group, while those of PDC bind either
- one (in yeast and in Bacillus), two (in mammals), or three (in Azotobacter and
- in Escherichia coli) lipoyl groups [3].
-
- In addition to the E2 components of the three enzymatic complexes described
- above, a lipoic acid cofactor is also found in the following proteins:
-
- - H-protein of the glycine cleavage system (GCS) [4]. GCS is a multienzyme
- complex of four protein components, which catalyzes the degradation of
- glycine. H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P
- protein to the T protein. H-protein from either prokaryotes or eukaryotes
- binds a single lipoic group.
- - Mammalian and yeast pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes differ from that of
- other sources, in that they contain, in small amounts, a protein of unknown
- function - designated protein X or component X. Its sequence is closely
- related to that of E2 subunits and seems to bind a lipoic group [5].
- - Fast migrating protein (FMP) (gene acoC) from Alcaligenes eutrophus [6].
- This protein is most probably a dihydrolipamide acyltransferase involved in
- acetoin metabolism.
-
- We developed a signature pattern which allows the detection of the lipoyl-
- binding site.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [GN]-x(2)-[LIVF]-x(5)-[LIVFC]-x(2)-[LIVFA]-x(3)-K-[STAIV]-
- [STAVQDN]-x(2)-[LIVMFS]-x(5)-[GCN]-x-[LIVMFY]
- [K is the lipoyl-binding site]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: pig prolactin.
-
- -Note: the domain around the lipoyl-binding lysine residue is evolutionary
- related to that around the biotin-binding lysine residue of biotin requiring
- enzymes (see the relevant section).
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Yeaman S.J.
- Biochem. J. 257:625-632(1989).
- [ 2] Yeaman S.J.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 11:293-296(1986).
- [ 3] Russel G.C., Guest J.R.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1076:225-232(1991).
- [ 4] Fujiwara K., Okamura-Ikeda K., Motokawa Y.
- J. Biol. Chem. 261:8836-8841(1986).
- [ 5] Behal R.H., Browning K.S., Hall T.B., Reed L.J.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:8732-8736(1989).
- [ 6] Priefert H., Hein S., Krueger N., Zeh K., Schmidt B., Steinbuechel A.
- J. Bacteriol. 173:4056-4071(1991).
-